The cradle of the “New Peruvian”: Physical culture and eugenics in the social project of the Chiclín hacienda (1890 - 1926)

Abstract

After the Peruvian defeat in the Nitrate War, there are various intellectual discourses that show a general urgency due to the absence of virile bodies for Peru, and this motivated a series of social reforms during the National Reconstruction process. This article illustrates the social project of the Chiclín hacienda, directed by Rafael Larco Herrera and oriented towards this objective of “reforming” and civilizing the Peruvian race. Motivated by the ideas of social Darwinism, Larco directed his ranch to be a “blank sheet” to refound a utopian society, and used sports as a tool to forge a “new Peruvian.” Through the analysis of Larco Herrera's speeches, works and projects in Chiclín, and the impact of the Pacific War on his youth, we can demonstrate the eugenic and paternalistic approach in his social work. Larco sought to promote the physical and moral health of workers, promoting physical culture and sports as means of discipline, civilization and progress for Peru.